Saturday, November 14, 2026

From the battlefield to the ballot box: war comes home

 By Ali Minabi

TEHRAN – Western leaders assumed they could keep the Palestinian bloodshed, the flames of war in Iran, and the resulting costs far removed from their own societies.

They believed American and European citizens would continue watching the war unfold on their screens, without it affecting their lives or reshaping their political choices. But the massacres in Gaza shattered the moral barrier, while U.S.-Zionist aggression against Iran shook energy and shipping markets.

Then came the ballot boxes and popular protests, declaring that wars ignited beyond national borders can return home as questions of legitimacy, bills to be paid, and votes of political punishment.

These developments are not isolated events. They are different expressions of a single moment: the erosion of the hegemonic order’s ability to wage war, monopolize its narrative, and leave others to bear its costs.

The collapse of moral immunity

October 7, 2023, marked a major turning point in the history of the conflict, not simply because of what happened that day, but because of what the ensuing genocidal war exposed about the true nature of the Zionist project and the limits of the Western shield protecting it.

What the West presented under the banner of “self-defense” turned into mass killing, starvation, the destruction of hospitals, schools and residential neighborhoods, and an attempt to make life itself impossible in the Gaza Strip.

By October 2026, the number of Palestinians killed in Gaza had exceeded 74,000, according to figures reported by UN agencies citing the Ministry of Health. This is in addition to hundreds of thousands of wounded and displaced people and the devastation of most of the foundations of everyday life.

Yet the political impact of the massacres extended far beyond the Strip. Every child pulled from beneath the rubble demolished another fragment of the Zionist narrative. Every aid convoy prevented from entering exposed Western double standards. And every weapon delivered to the occupying regime shifted its supporting governments from bystanders to active accomplices.

Despite the continued official Western alignment with the Zionist regime, the massacres brought about a profound shift in public consciousness, particularly among young people, students, trade unions, and Arab and Muslim minorities.

When war became an election issue

U.S. elections have traditionally been decided primarily on economic issues, taxes and employment opportunities, while foreign policy has taken a back seat, so long as Washington’s wars are fought far away and ordinary Americans do not feel their direct costs.

But the aggression against Iran changed that equation. Disruptions to energy supplies and shipping fed directly into fuel, transport and commodity prices, turning foreign policy into a domestic issue that affected American household incomes. The question was no longer: What is America doing in the Middle East? It became: Why should Americans pay, out of their own salaries, for a war they never chose and cannot see an end to?

The midterm elections laid bare the scale of public anger. Democrats seized control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, delivering a sweeping political rebuke to the Trump administration. Voter surveys showed that rising living costs, the war on Iran, and the desire to rein in the president’s actions all converged in shaping the vote.

More than half of those who took part considered the war not worth the price it had exacted. Foreign policy had left the confines of strategic planning rooms and entered the household fuel and grocery bills, turning a distant war into an everyday concern inside American homes.

This outcome reveals a shift in how voters calculate the costs of war more than it signals a wholesale ideological transformation within American society. Those who punished the Trump administration did not necessarily become opponents of imperialism. They simply rejected the idea that American power could launch an open-ended war and then demand that they pay for it in the name of national security.

Europe: Two angers converge in the streets

Protests across Europe have taken different forms. Some demonstrations stand in solidarity with Palestine, demanding an end to arms supplies to the Zionist regime and the imposition of sanctions. Others are social movements protesting soaring fuel and housing costs, declining wages, and deteriorating public services.

Yet both currents converge around a single question: How can governments find the money to finance wars while asking their populations to shoulder the burden of austerity?

Amsterdam witnessed a demonstration attended by more than 200,000 people, protesting economic and military ties with the Zionist regime. At the same time, social protests spread across dozens of European countries, driven by the rising costs of living, fuel and housing, alongside the erosion of public services.

The war on Iran added further fuel to Europe’s accumulated crises, shaped by neoliberal policies, soaring housing costs, stagnant wages, and the decline of the welfare state. As energy costs climbed, the gap between government priorities and public demands widened. Increasingly, sections of society began drawing a direct connection between the money allocated to war and arms spending and the cuts imposed on schools, hospitals and public services.

Essentially, the costs of hegemony abroad converged with the costs of austerity at home. Moral outrage over Gaza met the anger felt in people’s pockets over the war. What unites these two currents is declining trust in governments that raise the banner of human rights while providing political and military cover for the massacre of Palestinians, allocating funds to war as public services and living standards deteriorate.

Breaking the privilege of waging war without paying the price

The significance of Iran’s resilience must be measured both by what it achieved and by what it prevented. It thwarted the expectation of a swift victory and denied the U.S.-Zionist alliance a privilege they had long taken for granted: striking others without paying a proportionate price.

Resilience in the balance of power does not mean emerging unscathed. It means preserving political will and the capacity to respond, while preventing an adversary from turning military superiority into a lasting political victory. Through its geographical position, military capabilities, and influence over the energy and shipping equation, Iran was able to make the continuation of the war a burden on its adversaries and the global economy alike.

A U.S. strike was no longer a decision detached from oil prices, shipping movements, voter sentiment, or the future of the ruling party. The question was no longer, “When will Washington strike?” It became: Can Washington afford the consequences of its own strike?

When public opinion changes, the balance of power changes with it.

This is the deeper meaning behind the debate of a multipolar world. It does not emerge through political declarations, nor does it mean that military and economic powers become equal. It begins when a single power can no longer turn its superiority into unquestioning obedience, and when other states and forces acquire the capacity to resist, absorb attacks, and impose costs on the aggressor.

The new world is taking shape not only through the rise of China and Russia, but also through the resilience of regional powers that refuse to submit, through populations gradually withdrawing their legitimacy from wars of hegemony, and through a global economy whose every lever Washington can no longer control on its own.

The significance of these transformations lies in the power of the people. They have stripped the architects of war of their immunity from accountability and demonstrated that blood spilled beyond Western borders can turn into anger on Western streets, and that the costs they sought to impose on others can return as votes punishing them at the ballot box.

Victory does not begin with the sudden collapse of the hegemonic order, but with the erosion of its ability to escape the consequences of its actions indefinitely.

Efforts to encircle the resistance bloc within its borders

 By Batool Subeiti

LONDON – In response to the transformations that could give Iran and its allies greater room to expand their influence, the United States and its allies are not standing idle. Another front in this confrontation involves attempts to weaken the resistance bloc from within and restrict the room for maneuver available to forces aligned with it in each country.

The objective is to prevent Iran from fully taking advantage of the outcomes of the confrontation with the Israeli regime and the United States. In this case, the aim is not necessarily to defeat Iran on the battlefield, but rather to obstruct its ability to translate its achievements into sustainable political and economic influence.

For this reason, pressure is being directed towards Lebanon, Iraq, Iran's borders with neighboring countries, and relations between governments and local political forces. This opens up parallel internal fronts, alongside the military confrontation.

In Lebanon, one aspect of this strategy is the intensification of pressure on Hezbollah, attempts to restrict its freedom of movement, and efforts to push the Lebanese state towards taking measures targeting its weapons and military role. These measures are viewed as part of an attempt to encircle the bloc from all directions. In addition, to reduce its ability to influence the Lebanese and regional balance of power.

The performance of the Lebanese authorities, amid external understandings and pressures, is also regarded as an influential factor in this equation. The authorities' role is seen as serving American demands within what is referred to as the "framework agreement".

The central idea here is that the confrontation is not taking place solely on the battlefield. It also extends to political institutions, decisions concerning the state's monopoly on weapons, and attempts to redefine Hezbollah's position within the Lebanese state and its relationship with the wider regional resistance front.

In Iraq, one of the main areas of pressure centers on demands that the Popular Mobilization Force's weapons be placed exclusively under state control. Furthermore, there are measures associated with restricting the PMF factions and other groups belonging to the resistance bloc. This also includes steps relating to the closure of the Iraqi border with Iran, as well as the possibility of provoking political and security disputes between Baghdad and Tehran.

These developments are attempts to weaken communication between the different components of the resistance bloc and reduce opportunities for coordination, supply and mutual influence. They may also serve to create divisions between Iran and its neighbors, at a time when Iran needs to preserve the widest possible network of regional relationships.

In this context, the objective is not limited to changing the structure of Iraq's military institutions or reorganizing the relationship between the state and armed factions. It may also extend to preventing Iran from transforming its regional position into a more stable network of cooperation.

This strategy is based on opening multiple fronts of pressure against Iran, ensuring that the confrontation is not confined to its direct relationship with the United States and the Israeli occupation entity.

Provoking disputes with neighboring countries, complicating border issues, and increasing pressure on Iran's allies within their own countries could force Iran to divide its attention and resources across several simultaneous fronts.

This highlights the importance of monitoring the relationship between domestic developments in Lebanon and Iraq, in addition to the broader course of the war. What may appear on the surface to be a domestic decision could, in certain circumstances, have regional consequences, extending far beyond the borders of the country in which it was taken.

These are the American efforts, but do they reflect the reality on the ground? The answer is certainly no. This is because the Israeli occupation entity has failed to achieve its declared objectives across all fronts of confrontation, while both America and the entity have failed in Iran. The chapter of the "New Middle East" has been closed forever. The chapter of "Greater Israel" has also been closed forever.

The future will be defined by control over the strategic straits, and Iran and its allies will be the masters of this domain. Iran and its allies do not necessarily have to be the strongest power in the world, but they will be the most influential power in the world.

Iranian students shine in Open World Astronomy Olympiad

TEHRAN – An Iranian team of six students has achieved remarkable success at the fifth edition of the Open World Astronomy Olympiad (OWAO), winning six gold medals. The Olympiad took place from November 6 to 14 in Russia.

Sarina Alampour, Parsia Hassanzadeh, Elshan Rouhani, Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi, Bardia Qilavizadeh, and Mehdi Aryafar secured gold medals, showcasing their dedication and academic excellence in the competition, IRNA reported.

OWAO is a modern and rapidly growing competition that brings together talented and passionate astronomy students from around the world. OWAO combines the best astronomical traditions with cutting-edge knowledge assessment methods, and its tasks are developed by leading experts from various countries.  

The competition was organized with the support of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

The Olympiad is open to teams of 2 to 6 participants (aged 18 years or younger). Each team may have one team leader and up to two observers (adults). One country can be represented by only one team.
The Olympiad consists of four rounds: theoretical, practical, observational, and test rounds. The working language of the Olympiad is English; however, participants may use a glossary provided by the Academic Committee that has been pre-translated into their national languages by team leaders.

Iran’s national Astronomy and Astrophysics Olympiad team was crowned world champion for the third consecutive year after winning five gold medals at the 19th International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA 2026).

Iranian students secured five gold medals at the international competition, which was held in Hanoi, Vietnam, from September 25 to October 5, 2026.

More than 320 students from over 66 countries took part in this year’s Olympiad. Sarina Elmpour, Mohammad-Hossein Hosseini, Hirbod Foudazi, Hossein Masoumi, and Arshia Mirshamsi-Kakhaki won gold medals for Iran.

Milestones at international Olympiads despite war

Talented Iranian students have achieved remarkable success at international Olympiads, winning 13 medals and securing the championship title at the International Physics Olympiad despite the numerous challenges posed by the US-Israeli war against the country.

Last year, Iranian students took part in 14 international scientific competitions but were unable to participate in two Olympiads due to the outbreak of war. Despite the hardships and challenges brought about by the ongoing conflict, they demonstrated their outstanding abilities by setting new benchmarks in various competitions and proudly raising Iran’s flag on the international stage. Their remarkable achievements have become a source of great pride for the country, Mehr news agency quoted Seyyed Reza Hosseini, head of the Young Scholars Club, as saying.

The students performed outstandingly at the 56th International Physics Olympiad (IPhO); the five-member team ranked first globally, garnering three gold medals and two silver medals, which was exceptional over the past 20 years, he added.

Held from July 4 to 12 in Bucaramanga, Colombia, the IPhO 2026 brought together over 400 students from more than 90 countries.

Hirbod Foudazi, Kian Zarrabian, and Mohammad Mirmohammadi secured gold medals, while Amir-Sam Goharpey and Nima Koushki won silver medals.

Despite attacks on Iran’s national artificial intelligence infrastructure that disrupted the team’s access to computing resources and data centers, Iranian students won their first gold medal at the International Olympiad in Artificial Intelligence (IOAI), the official said.

The team also won two silver medals and one bronze at the third edition of the competition, held from August 2 to 8 in Astana, Kazakhstan, according to the official.

Shayan Rezaeizadeh grabbed the gold medal, Mohammad-Reza Darvishi, and Mohammad-Amin Nazmfar won the silver medals, while Mani Monjipor received the bronze medal.

Brilliant Iranian students proudly claimed their first-ever medals at the 67th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), which was organized on July 15 and 16 in Shanghai, China. They won two gold medals, one silver medal, and three bronze medals.

Alireza Joonbakhsh-Najafabadi and Alireza Sharifi won the gold medals, Amirhossein Tayyeb clinched the silver medal, and Arsha Azizeddin, Radin Nik-Eqbali, and Arian Zandi received the bronze medals.

Female Iranian students secured an unprecedented success at the 22nd International Geography Olympiad (iGeo), held from August 11 to 17 in Istanbul, Turkey. They succeeded in winning a bronze medal and three honorable mentions; their performance was inspiring to many other nations, Hosseini further noted.

Also, in the 19th International Earth Science Olympiad (IESO 2026) in Italy, the Iranian team won an impressive haul of two silver medals, six bronze medals, and a top prize.

Mehraneh Vashaqani-Farahani secured the world’s top ranking in the Young Reporters of the International Union of Geological Sciences short documentary category, delivering one of the most notable results for the Iranian team at this year’s competition, IRNA reported.

In the individual examinations, Shamim Molla-Qolizadeh and Javad Namjoo each won a silver medal, while Ghazal Qazizadeh took bronze.

Namjoo also won a bronze medal in the Earth System Project (ESP) category. In the International Team Field Investigation (ITFI), Molla-Qolizadeh, Namjoo, Qazizadeh and Vashaqani-Farahani each earned a bronze medal.

Iranian students clinched medals and an honorable mention at the 9th International Economics Olympiad (IEO 2026) held from July 12-20 in Shenzhen China, and the 38th edition of the International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) held from August 9 to 16 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

This year, 270 students from 54 countries attended the IEO competition. Mobin Karimi Dizicheh secured a silver medal. He received an honorable mention and also won Best in Finance, Borna news agency reported.

Mohammad-Hossein Rahimi Nejad, Alireza Atashi, and Ehsan Zolfaghari won the bronze medals.

Hamed Ghaffariaghdas and Arash Ostadsharif-Memar grabbed the silver medals, while Mohammad Shayan won the bronze medal. Moreover, Bahamin Shafaqi received the honorable mention.

The 37th International Biology Olympiad (IBO 2026) took place from July 12 to 19 in the city of Vilnius, Lithuania. The event brought together participants from some 80 countries across five continents.

Radin Bayani, Mohammad-Reza Vaezi, and Amir-Hossein Nosrati grabbed gold medals, while Amir-Hossein Hemmati won the silver medal, IRIB reported.

The 58th International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO 2026) was held from July 10 to 19 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Over 350 students from 90 countries attended the event.

Ali Shamsi-Mofakhar, Mahyar Najar, and Amir-Reza Hosseini secured silver medals, while Ario Seirafi won the bronze medal.

Four Iranian female students attended the Open International Geography Olympiad (OpenGeo) 2026, winning four medals, including a silver medal and three bronze medals for the first time.

Artina Heidari won the silver medal; Setayesh Haqnazari, Sana Karbalaei Vali, and Helia Khodabandelou received the bronze medals, IRIB reported.

The six-member Iranian team has shown brilliance, claiming the championship at the fourth International Mathematics Summer Camp (IMSC) held in Beijing, China, from June 17 to July 12, demonstrating exceptional teamwork and dedication to mathematics.

Aryan Zandi, Arsha Azizoddin, Seyyed Amir-Hossein Tayeb, Alireza Sharifi, Radin Nik-Eqbali, and Ali Joonbakhsh Najafabadi won 4 gold medals and two silver medals, outperforming students from Poland and Brazil, IRNA reported.

Iran’s Physics Olympiad team, consisting of five students, has achieved an astounding triumph at the International Scientific Physics Olympiad 2026, winning two gold medals, a silver, and a bronze.

Hirbod Foudazi was ranked first among all participants, receiving the title of absolute winner, achieving the best result in the Theoretical Exam, and grabbing the gold medal and the national diamond, IRNA reported.

Amir-Sam Goharpey won the other gold medal; Kian Zarrabian and Mohammad Mirmohammadi received a silver medal and a bronze medal, respectively.

‘US pressures did not stop Iran’s foreign trade’

TEHRAN- The spokesman of the Trade Development Committee of the Industry, Mining and Trade House, emphasizing that US pressures have not been able to stop Iran’s foreign trade, said: Iran’s geographical capacities, economic links with neighboring countries, and the development of cooperation with trade partners such as China, Russia, Pakistan, and Turkey have made it possible for the flow of foreign trade to continue.

Seyed Ruhollah Latifi, in an interview with IRNA, referring to US efforts to limit Iran’s foreign trade and impose pressure on neighboring countries to reduce or stop trade exchanges with the country, stated: Despite political and economic pressures, restrictions created on some trade routes, and attempts to prevent the entry and exit of goods, Iran’s foreign trade has not stopped, and the country’s economic actors, using geographical capacities, alternative routes, and regional transportation facilities, are still carrying out trade activities.

He added: The economy of Iran and neighboring countries is connected through shared borders, mutual economic needs, transportation networks, consumer markets, and supply chains. These links are not merely political, such that they could easily be cut by a change in one government’s position or pressure from a foreign power; rather, the economic interests of people, producers, traders, and economic actors on both sides of the borders lie in the continuation of these exchanges.

Latifi, stating that an important part of Iran’s trade with neighbors is still flowing, emphasized: In some neighboring countries, we have experienced growth in trade exchanges, and existing capacities at land borders, rail, road, and sea routes have made continued trade possible. Of course, at certain times restrictions have been created at a number of borders, but these cases cannot be interpreted as a halt in Iran’s trade with regional countries.

The spokesman of the Trade Development Committee of the Industry, Mining and Trad House, referring to the role of the private sector and economic actors in the country’s difficult conditions, said: Traders and merchants play a very important role in maintaining the flow of goods supply in these conditions. In fact, economic actors, by identifying new routes, establishing connections with various suppliers, using the capacities of intermediary countries, and finding diverse solutions for transportation and financial settlement, have not allowed the flow of entry of goods needed by the country to stop.

He continued: Today, basic goods, production inputs, livestock and food inputs, industrial raw materials, machinery, equipment, and pharmaceutical items enter the country through different routes, and in return, Iran’s export goods are also sent to target markets. These activities are carried out in conditions where external pressures on the banking network, transportation, insurance, foreign exchange exchanges, and cooperation of international companies have increased.

Latifi added: Economic actors use the country’s geographical capacities and trade relations with neighbors to maintain this flow. Diversifying import origins and export markets is also among the measures that have become more important in recent years, because excessive reliance on one route or one country can increase trade vulnerability in conditions of restrictions.

China and multiple goods transfer routes; trade from the East is still ongoing

Referring to China’s position in Iran’s foreign trade, he stated: A significant part of our country’s trade is conducted with China, and this country is considered one of Iran’s important trade partners. Trade relations with China are not limited to only one route, and goods are transferred to Iran through rail and road networks and by passing through several countries.

Latifi continued: Iran’s geographical position in connecting East to West and North to South has made it possible to use diverse transportation routes. Routes related to China’s Belt and Road Initiative, communication networks of Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eurasia, as well as routes passing through Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan, have created important capacities for goods transfer and trade development.

Referring to the possibility of using intermediary companies in some exchanges, he added: Part of international trade under conditions of restrictions is conducted through multi-country routes and intermediary companies. This, alongside direct road and rail routes, allows economic actors to use different options for transferring goods and meeting the country’s needs.

The spokesman of the Trade Development Committee of the Industry, Mining and Trade House said: In the field of medicine and raw materials needed by the pharmaceutical industry, the restrictions created for some supply origins have increased the necessity of diversifying import sources. In such conditions, the capacities of other countries are used, and China also has a share in part of these supplies. The main goal is to prevent disruption in the supply chain of medicine and raw materials needed by domestic production.

Trade with Pakistan;  economic interests of both sides prevent cutting of border relations

Latifi, referring to trade relations between Iran and Pakistan and some restrictions created at the borders of the two countries, stated: Economic relations between Iran and Pakistan have been formed based on mutual needs. Parts of Pakistan’s economy need Iranian energy and goods, and in return, this country is also considered an important trade origin and goods supply source for Iran in some areas.

He said: At one point, we witnessed restrictions and the closure of the Rimdan border following external pressures, but economic needs and the direct effects of trade on the lives of people in border areas highlighted the necessity of restoring trade relations. When trade between two countries affects employment, income, goods supply, and people’s daily lives, restricting it does not harm only the Iranian side; rather, economic actors and the people of the other country also suffer.

He added: One of the characteristics of border trade is that its benefits are directly visible in the lives of people in border areas. Truck drivers, transportation companies, sellers, producers, exporters, and importers on both sides of the border benefit from these activities; therefore, the continuation of trade is important for both sides.

The spokesman of the Trade Development Committee of the Industry, Mining and Trade House, referring to announced restrictions in the maritime transportation sector and claims made about the halt of Iran’s trade via sea, stated: The country’s maritime trade also continues despite pressures and restrictions, and activities in the field of energy, petroleum products, and container goods have not stopped.

He continued: Iran’s foreign trade network does not rely only on land borders. The country’s southern ports, sea routes, and also the capacity of the Caspian Sea form an important part of foreign trade infrastructure. Economic actors, using existing facilities at ports and maritime transportation routes, are still carrying out exchanges.

Latifi stated: In the north of the country as well, Iran’s ports and maritime routes related to Caspian littoral countries have created important capacity for trade with Russia and other regional countries. The connection of ports to the rail and road network makes it possible to transfer goods from the north of the country to other areas and also to move goods among Caspian littoral countries.

He added: Developing the activity of northern and southern ports, completing loading and unloading infrastructure, increasing the capacity of the transportation fleet, and improving the connection of ports to the country’s rail network can be effective in increasing the share of maritime transportation and reducing foreign trade costs.

Latifi, referring to the importance of developing trade relations with Russia and member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union, stated: An important part of inputs needed for production, including livestock and food inputs, is supplied from the Eurasian region and especially Russia. This issue has become more important in the current conditions, because the continuation of production in agriculture, livestock, and food industries depends on regular access to raw materials and inputs.

He continued: Relations between Iran and Russia have expanded in various political and economic areas in recent years, and joint agreements and cooperation between the two countries have provided the ground for developing exchanges. On the other hand, both countries have experience facing restrictions caused by sanctions, and this very issue has caused them to seek more diverse methods in trade exchanges.

The spokesman of the Trade Development Committee of the Industry, Mining and Trade House emphasized: Using the capacity of goods barter, alternative mechanisms for settling financial exchanges, diversifying payment methods, and developing cooperation among trade companies are among the solutions that can be effective in continuing trade between Iran and Russia.

He added: Developing cooperation with Eurasian countries, in addition to meeting domestic needs, also creates a suitable opportunity to increase Iran’s exports. The markets of this region, due to geographical proximity and economic capacities, can be a suitable destination for Iranian products, and through the development of rail, road, and sea routes, trade relations with these markets can be strengthened.

Strategic importance of president’s regional visit

Latifi, referring to the recent visit of the president to Turkey, said: This visit is of great importance from the perspective of developing relations with neighboring countries and strengthening regional diplomacy. Turkey is one of Iran’s most important neighbors and one of our country’s main trade partners, and the relations between the two countries are not limited to bilateral trade; rather, they are also important in the fields of transit, transportation, energy, regional security, and connection with international markets.

He added: Turkey is geographically located in a position that can be an important communication route between Iran and Europe. On the other hand, Iran also has transit capacities for connecting Turkey to parts of Central Asia, Afghanistan, and the markets of the East of the region; therefore, relations between the two countries should be considered within the framework of a broader network of regional cooperation.

Latifi referred to the membership of Iran and Turkey in the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and said: Both countries are important members of this organization and have considerable capacities for developing economic cooperation. ECO can be a suitable platform for facilitating trade, developing transportation, strengthening customs communications, and creating coordination among regional countries.

He continued: One of the important issues in the economic relations between Iran and Turkey is better use of the capacity of regional corridors. The road and rail routes of the two countries can play a role in transferring goods from Europe to Central Asia and vice versa. Also, developing border infrastructure and reducing truck stop time at customs terminals can reduce trade costs and increase the competitiveness of Iran’s transit routes.

The spokesman of the Trade Development Committee of the Industry, Mining and Trade House, referring to Turkey’s position among Iran’s trade partners, added: This country has always been among Iran’s important trade partners, and in recent years new capacities have been formed to increase exchanges between the two countries. In conditions where external restrictions on Iran’s trade have increased, strengthening cooperation with Turkey can play an effective role in diversifying trade routes and accessing new markets.

He emphasized: The visit of the president of Iran to Turkey should also be considered from the perspective of economic and regional opportunities. Consultations with Turkish officials about facilitating exchanges, developing transportation cooperation, increasing transit capacity, removing customs and banking obstacles, and using the capacity of the private sector of the two countries can lead to raising the level of economic cooperation.

Latifi, referring to the importance of political and security cooperation alongside economic relations, said: The security of regional countries is not separate from one another, and any insecurity, conflict, and tension can affect trade, transportation, investment, and economic activities of all regional countries.

He added: Iran has always emphasized the necessity of strengthening regional security with the participation of regional countries. Cooperation with Turkey and other neighbors in the field of reducing tensions, confronting insecurity, and creating stability can provide a suitable ground for developing economic relations.

He continued: Regional countries must reach the conclusion that economic cooperation and sustainable security secure their common interests. The more trade, infrastructure, and transit relations among neighboring countries expand, the higher the cost of disrupting these relations will be for different parties, and common economic interests will be strengthened.

Continuation of goods supply and production despite foreign restrictions

The spokesman of the Trade Development Committee of the Industry, Mining and Trade House, referring to the continuation of the country’s economic activities, stated: Despite foreign restrictions and pressures imposed on Iran’s trade routes, the goods supply chain in the country is still active, and goods needed by the people are supplied in the distribution network. Also, various industrial and production sectors continue their activities using imported raw materials and inputs.

He added: Of course, the continuation of these conditions requires continuous planning, diversification of supply origins, strengthening relations with neighbors, developing transportation infrastructure, and supporting economic actors. One cannot rely only on one trade route, one country, or one method of exchange; rather, all geographical and economic capacities of the country must be used.

Latifi emphasized: Due to its special geographical position, access to northern and southern waters, extensive land borders, and being located on the East-West communication route, Iran has considerable capacity for developing regional and international trade. Using these capacities requires coordinated cooperation among government bodies, the private sector, traders, transportation companies, and neighboring countries.

The trade official noted: In the current conditions, maintaining the flow of foreign trade, supplying basic goods and production raw materials, continuing exports, and using new opportunities for cooperation with regional countries are of particular importance. At the same time, developing relations with China, Russia, Pakistan, and especially Turkey, along with keeping land, sea, and rail routes active, can help increase the resilience of the country’s economy and maintain Iran’s connection with regional and international markets.

He expressed hope: The president’s visit to Turkey, in this same framework, is considered an opportunity to strengthen political and economic relations and pursue common regional interests.

The Struggle for a New Common Sense

 The war in the Middle East has initiated a struggle to develop a non-Western “common sense” within the international order.

Pranay Kumar Shome

The ongoing war in the Middle East has laid bare the hollowness of liberal promises: to establish a world free from strife, chaos, and anarchy. The war launched by the American-Israeli duo was meant to enforce the liberal promise of intervention—to rid the people of Iran of a “dictatorial, illegitimate regime”. While there is no doubt that the duo has miserably failed to fulfill any of its goals, the conflict has brought forth a new yet unexplored struggle: the contest for the generation of a new common sense.

Unlike Structural Marxism which argued that the economic mode of production acts as the foundation of any society; Neo-Marxism lays emphasis on the idea that culture plays an equally important role in shaping the foundations of any society, sometimes playing a more consequential role than economics.

Military aggression and sanctions can no longer function as tools to defend a global consensus the duo is attempting to achieve; rather, they reveal two declining powers trying to enforce compliance only through destruction

The Unraveling of Hegemony

Antonio Gramsci, the Italian philosopher and neo-Marxist thinker argued in his work The Prison Notebooks that the dominant classes of a society remain in power not only through the exercise of coercion through the institutions of political society like military, police, and the courts of law, but also through the generation of legitimacy for their rule through the shrewd use of institutions of civil society like educational institutions, places of worship, cinema, and mass media, among others. This is meant to advance a conception of existence through ideas where conditions of injustice appear as justice, resulting in the dominant class being given the permission to rule on behalf of the struggling masses. He calls such ideas common sense, which ultimately generates hegemony.

With regard to the ongoing war, liberalism’s objective through the action of the Zionist-White Nationalist duo was to paint an impression that the campaign was a just war through a relentless media, political, and cultural campaign of highlighting Iranian “excesses” and the righteousness of liberal interventionism. However, the airstrike at a school in Minab that killed over a hundred innocent children coupled with the high death toll of civilians in air operations over the subsequent months has effectively shattered the liberal promise of civilian protection. To make matters worse, the Israeli head of state, Benjamin Netanyahu has called ‘regime-change’ one of the primary goals of the Israel’s war against Iran, mimicking what its staunchest ally America has done to so many sovereign states over the years.

Organic Crisis & New Common Sense

The failure to generate global consent for their military campaign marks the collapse of the Western intellectual and moral leadership. What was presented as a just war has turned out to be nothing but a smokescreen—an attempt to distort the real, exploitative image of liberalism. In this context, the American-Israeli duo is suffering from what Gramsci termed an organic crisis. This idea posits that when the dominant class is unable to sustain its rule through the institutions of civil society, it uses coercion—the hallmark of political society which is nothing but the exercise of naked power.

Military aggression and sanctions can no longer function as tools to defend a global consensus the duo is attempting to achieve; rather, they reveal two declining powers trying to enforce compliance only through destruction.

This crisis of authority has opened up ample space for the Global South to launch a strategic War of Position—a prolonged struggle to hijack, dismantle, and eventually replace the very same institutions of civil society the West has used for creating consent for its rule—politically, culturally, and ideationally. In this regard, through the furthering of alternative financial regimes, sovereign media networks, cultural institutions, multilateral platforms like SCO, BRICS, and G77, the Global South is trying to establish counter-hegemony, starting right from the grassroots level.

This counter-hegemonic project rejects the universalist and atomized premise that liberal internationalism as an ideology represents universal human progress. In its place, it argues that legitimacy lies in civilizational preservation, the right of self-determination, and the protection of sovereign decision-making power.

Pranay Kumar Shome, a research analyst who is a PhD candidate at Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India

A Bab al-Mandab Saga: From Assab to Perim; All Has a Base, None Has a Plan. Part II

The geopolitical aspects of Bab-al-Mandab extends way beyond any narrow view, both historically and contemporarily. So, before the next “maritime security initiative” arrives, ask the 4 main questions the brochure never answers

Tamer Mansour

Ethiopia lost its sea, Yemen’s highlands never accepted a master, and this month a Zaydi movement took the strait’s Arabian shore. Every capital promises to protect this coast; not one has bothered to ask the people who live on it.

Part I ended in 1993 with Ethiopia landlocked and a grievance planted in its politics. This part runs from that moment to the last few weeks. The short version: every outside power has discovered that the Red Sea can be rented but not owned, and the people who live around it are paying the deposit.

No single hegemon controls this coast. It is a bazaar, and every merchant vies for a good bargain

The landlocked giant, and three prime ministers

Assab was Ethiopia’s main trade outlet before a war with Eritrea between 1998 and 2000, but since then, Addis Ababa has relied on Djibouti for the bulk of its international trade. The war started in Badme in May 1998 and ended with the Algiers Agreement of December 2000, but a CSIS assessment gives credit Lasting chill on regional security from Meles Zenawi’s refusal to accept border ruling. Meles, meanwhile, sold himself as the West’s indispensable partner against extremism and lent Ethiopian airstrips to American drones.

He died in August 2012. Hailemariam Desalegn, a southerner from a small ethnic group, inherited a coalition of powerful rivals and resigned in February 2018 amid the Oromia and Amhara protests, the first resignation in modern Ethiopian history.

On 2 April 2018 Abiy Ahmed, a former radio operator in the Badme war, took over. Within months he accepted the border ruling, and Ethiopia and Eritrea signed a peace declaration.

The Nobel Peace Prize followed, so did the troubles.

The cross-cost storm and the base bazaar

After the Saudi-Emirati intervention in Yemen in March 2015 (Operation Decisive Storm), there have been Sudanese deployments. These consisted of a force commanded by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan but made up largely by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which trace their ancestry to the Janjaweed.

The Janjaweed, formed during the Chad-Libyan wars of the 1980s, when Sudan supported the Arab nomads revolt against the two countries, due to droughts, famine, in addition to related local disputes over grazing land and water between competing non-Arab farmers and Arab nomadic herders. To later on, become notorious in Darfur following the year 2003.

In 2013 Bashir remodelled one group of the militia led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, “Hemedti”, which dragged them into the center of Sudanese politics, which eventually exploded their existence and influence, from the Chad, Libya and Central Africa borders and the supply lines that originate from there, to a later on further eastward movement, now expanded to the other shore of the Red Sea.

There is no clearer hint that everything connects across both shores of the gate of grief.

Meanwhile, the other coast became a rental market. Djibouti hosts American, French, Japanese, Italian and, since 2017, Chinese forces. Camp Lemonnier has held the US Africa Command’s Horn task force since 2002 and is America’s only permanent base on the continent, with well over 4,000 personnel by most counts. China’s base sits beside the Doraleh terminal, and by published estimates its personnel are a fraction of the American ones, which has not stopped much Western commentary from treating it as the one base that needs explaining. Djibouti’s relations with the UAE, meanwhile, soured after Djibouti refused to let the Emiratis build one.

The Emirates found another location: DP World has a 30-year lease on Berbera in Somaliland, and the UAE is clearly present in Bosaso in Puntland. Turkey controls the TURKSOM military training camp in Mogadishu, has a defence and naval agreement with Somalia, and, along with Qatar, had plans for an SUakin in Sudan.

Russia’s 25-year project to establish a naval base at Port Sudan with 300 troops and four ships was initially signed in 2020 and re-offered by al-Burhan in December 2025; according to Moscow’s ambassador, the war has put a stop to it.

For its part, Sudan withdrew from the $6 billion Emirati port project due to alleged military aid to the RSF, which the UAE maintains are only of civilian and humanitarian nature

Aside from the inconvenience of mutual accusations and official denials, the lesson is even more inconvenient for every propagandist: no single hegemon controls this coast. It is a bazaar, and every merchant vies for a good bargain.

The gate is called grief for a reason. The people who pass through it in the newsreels are usually somebody else’s cargo, while the ones who stay on the shore have been paying the toll since Kaleb’s galleys

Abiy, the sea, and the fuse

The Tigray war of 2020 to the Pretoria Agreement of November 2022, saw Eritrean forces fight alongside Ethiopian ones. Almost immediately, the two allies fell out. Abiy began arguing that a country of 150 million cannot live in a “geographic prison.” Eritrea heard a claim on Assab and mobilized in 2025; in October 2025 Ethiopia’s foreign minister accused Asmara, in a letter to the UN Secretary-General, of preparing for war.

In January 2024 Ethiopia signed a memorandum for access to Berbera in exchange for eventual recognition. Mogadishu was furious and moved closer to Eritrea and Egypt. Turkey has brokered a peace deal between Ethiopia and Somalia, but the promise of recognition still hangs in the air.

Analysts at the Soufan Center say Saudi Arabia and Egypt have backed Eritrea and by extension the TPLF to contain Ethiopia’s ambitions, a claim worth watching but not yet fully documented in public sources.

Israel returns to the Red Sea

Somaliland was officially recognized by Israel on 26 December 2025 becoming the first nation to do so in spite of the deterioration of Israeli-Eritrean relations according to the Washington Institute. This move received harsh criticism from the African Union, the EU, the GCC, Russia, China, Iran, and a united stand of twenty-one nations among which Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Sudan. The Somali president condemned the act as illegal and a boost to Al-Shabab*.

Pro-Israel analysts are openly discussing using Berbera’s airfield against the Houthis, and Somaliland’s president has offered bases there to Israel and the United States in exchange for broader recognition. What is not in doubt is the pattern: from Haile Selassie’s 1960s alliance to Hargeisa today, Israel has looked to the Horn’s periphery to secure the sea beyond Eilat.

Sudan and Somalia: the western and southern shores burn

Sudan’s war, which has been ongoing for four years, has transformed into a drone war in fragments. The army took control of Khartoum in 2025, while the RSF conquered El Fasher. The war front has shifted to Kordofan and Blue Nile, where Kurmuk, a border town, has been exchanging hands. It is alleged that Turkish and Iranian drones supply the army and Emirati supplies the RSF, according to leaked UN reports, that the UAE vehemently denies.

Russia, which CNN reported was supplying the RSF in 2023, later tilted toward the army. Reports that Ethiopia hosts RSF training camps come mainly from an anonymous former officer cited by Mada Masr and remain unverified.

Somalia is no better. Al-Shabaab’s* 2025 offensive recaptured much ground; the president’s and parliament’s mandates have expired; and the opposition warns that Turkey’s open support for the president risks deepening a constitutional crisis. Puntland withdrew recognition from Mogadishu in 2024.

Every foreign capital that says it wants Somalia unified is also courting one of its pieces.

2026: Hormuz shuts and the Houthis take the coast

Another reminder that everything connects, occurred in December 2025, when the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council swept across most of former South Yemen. The Saudi strikes at Mukalla Port on 30 December reversed it; by 9 January the STC had dissolved and the UAE had withdrawn.

The anti-Houthi coalition was in pieces just as the region’s largest war in decades arrived: US-Israeli strikes on Iran on 28 February, followed by Iran’s closure of Hormuz.

Saudi Arabia responded by rerouting crude through Yanbu on the Red Sea, raising shipments from roughly one million to 4.9 million barrels a day. The Houthis, who joined the war in early April with strikes on Israel, resumed attacks on Saudi-linked shipping in July, then hit the East-West pipeline in September.

On 10 and 11 September they took Mokha, Perim, the Hanish islands and the rest of Yemen’s Red Sea coast.

Reporting cited by Modern Diplomacy counts more than 112,000 people displaced by the renewed fighting across Yemen. The Houthis have told American officials that restrictions apply only to Saudi-linked vessels.

Treat “full control” of the strait with caution, as one analyst told NBC. The 1973 blockade required two shores acting together. The Houthis hold one; the other belongs to Djibouti and Eritrea, neither of which is anybody’s proxy.

Reports on Hormuz itself conflict: one holds that it reopened under a June US-Iran memorandum, while Al Jazeera on 18 September describes six months of restricted traffic.

Tigray, again

On 23 September, Tigrayan forces seized the airports at Mekelle, Axum and Shire, and the TPLF’s deputy leader declared a “full-blown war.” TPLF spokesman Michael Asgedom told AP that the Pretoria accord was “no longer valid” and that the movement was cooperating with former enemies. Addis Ababa accuses Eritrea of financing them; Asmara denies it. Ethiopian Airlines has suspended flights to the region, and the African Union has urged neighbours not to inflame it.

Assab sits underneath all of it. The port that Italy’s shipping company bought in 1869, that the Ethiopian empire built a naval station on, and that Eritrea holds as the fruit of thirty years of war, is now the flashpoint of a possible interstate war.

The Suez bill

Egypt has paid for all of this. Income from the Suez Canal declined from $9.4 billion in 2022/23 to $7.2 billion in 2023/24, and President Sisi claimed in May 2026 that the instability in Bab al-Mandab region had caused losses of $10 billion to Egypt.

The irony lay in the fact that income in the second quarter of 2026 increased by 13% to $1.26 billion as tankers moved to Suez from Hormuz.

Container traffic remains down by around four-fifths. Egypt’s revenue is recovering on the back of an energy crisis, not restored confidence, nor stability at neither Hormuz nor Bab-al-Mandab.

The fuse reaches the Afar road

The Tigray war has moved from the highlands toward the coast. Tigrayan forces have taken Erebti in Afar, pushing toward the corridor that carries roughly 95% of Ethiopia’s trade to Djibouti, and some 150,000 people have fled the region.

That road runs barely 100 km from Perim, now held by the Houthis, so the two shores of the strait share one logistical nerve.

Eritrea, Abiy’s wartime partner of 2020 to 2022, now stands accused by Addis Ababa and the Afar regional governor of backing the rebels. Asmara has cut diplomatic ties after Ethiopia closed its embassy, and Ethiopia also blames Sudan and Egypt, who both deny it.

These remain accusations, not documented facts. A seven-group “Coalition for Survival,” including the TPLF, Fano and BPLM, has formed against the federal government, while the Tigrayan side itself is split, with a pro-government “Tigray Peace Force” fighting beside federal troops, who retook Alamata on 28 September.

On 5 October, sworn in for a new five-year term, Abiy told Ethiopians that access to the sea is vital to their “civilisation” and must come through “give and take.” The same day, Egypt, Eritrea, Sudan and Somalia met at New Alamein and declared that Red Sea governance belongs to coastal states alone, a message aimed squarely at a landlocked Ethiopia.

Somalia’s president offered a narrow opening, saying access through Somali territory is possible but only by formal negotiation.

Four questions before closure

Every power since Aksum has learned that the strait can be rented but not owned. The current crop of protectors is diverse but strikingly consistent in its accounting. Israel, the United States, the Emirates, Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Russia and China each hold pieces of this coast, each with a story about stability.

There is the displaced Yemeni family on the Tihamah plain. There is the Sudanese civilian caught between two armies and their foreign suppliers. There is the Somali politician bargaining with pieces of his own country. There are the Ethiopian and Eritrean conscripts in the shadow of Assab. Not one of them was consulted about the “security architecture” that bears their country’s name.

The gate is called grief for a reason. The people who pass through it in the newsreels are usually somebody else’s cargo, while the ones who stay on the shore, Zaydi highlanders, Afar herders and Tigrayan farmers, have been paying the toll since Kaleb’s galleys.

But the geopolitical aspects of Bab-al-Mandab as I have shown, extends way beyond any narrow view, both historically and contemporarily.

So, before the next “maritime security initiative” arrives, ask the 4 main questions the brochure never answers: security for whom?, who benefits?, who was asked to cooperate?, and on whose expense?

While this two-part brief comes to a close, the saga of grief continues …

*- terrorist organisations, banned in Russia.

Tamer Mansour, Egyptian Independent Writer & Researcher