Sunday, October 25, 2026

Chris Hedges: Trump & the Age of Evil

By any standard of morality, Trump is depraved. But adorned with the power of the state, he descends to another level — the level of evil.

The Great Dicktator – by Mr. Fish.

By Chris Hedges
ScheerPost

Donald Trump exhibits the classic traits of psychopaths — superficial charm, grandiosity and self-importance, a need for constant stimulation, a penchant for lying, deception and manipulation and incapacity for remorse or guilt.

But is he evil?

If, as the philosopher Susan Nieman writes, evil is not simply the opposite of good but inimical to it, if the aim of evil is to destroy all moral distinctions, then Trump qualifies as evil. Morality, for Trump, is for losers. All life is transactional. Self-interest and self-enrichment usurp all other considerations. No one else matters.

In her new book, Call It Evil: Understanding the Trump Era, Neiman argues that evil “isn’t cruelty but something much worse: the ideas that allow cruelty to become ordinary.”

Susan Neiman in Berlin, Germany, 2019. (Dominic Bonfiglio, Own work, CC-ASA-4.0 International)

She continues:

“There’s a difference between calling one action evil and calling another a crime. Crimes are things for which we have procedures—at least for punishing, if not for preventing. This means that a crime can be fit in some way into the rest of our experience. To call an action evil is to suggest it cannot—and that it thereby threatens the trust in the world that we need to navigate it. There’s no signpost on the border between evil and awful. Evil is what you say when your jaw begins to drop if you sense that a line has been crossed.”

Trump crosses line after line. He declares wars on a whim. He enriches himself and his family in crypto schemes, from which he has made over a billion dollars. He orders assassinations and the kidnapping of heads of state. He uses billions of taxpayer dollars to sustain genocide in Palestine and since January 2025 has provided over $20 billion in new arms sales to Israel.

He guts government departments designed to lift up the vulnerable and bloats the war budget. He builds rogue paramilitary forces to terrorize citizens and immigrants. He attacks and attempts to censor the news industry.

In short, he does what all who commit evil do.

He fosters a world where nothing is sacred and where democracy and civic virtues do not exist.

Concepts of fairness, decorum, justice and empathy are imploded by the Trump administration. His threat to annihilate Iran – i.e. carry out genocide – announced of all places at the United Nations, is greeted with indifference by a public rendered numb by his moral vacuity.

Neiman writes:

“Once the supremacy of self-interest is enshrined as common sense realism rather than a philosophical idea, moral capacities like empathy and shame become not just naïve but suspect…. Sadists exist and cause no end of pain. But the most common forms of evil arise from the view that only fools believe in anything but their own advantage.”

Gen. Milley: ‘Fascist to the Core’

Donald Trump leads a column, including Gen. Mark Milley, from the White House through Lafayette Square after it was forcibly cleared of demonstrators protesting the killing of Black civilian George Floyd, June 1, 2020. (Official White House Photo by Shealah Craighead)

The institutions designed to protect democracy, to safeguard civic virtues, to foster equality — including the courts, law firms, universities and the media, all of which have been captured by the billionaire class — swiftly fell to their knees to curry favor with the Trump White House.

The titans in Silicon Valley showered him and his campaign with millions of dollars. The supposed virtues these institutions and individuals claimed they championed were jettisoned. These virtues, they illustrated, were nothing more than branding, performance art, a sham.

To an enraged public Trump’s transparent greed and cruelty is preferable to the slick hypocrisy of the politicians, Republican and Democrat, who preceded him. He does not engage in their faux empathy. In fact, he seems incapable of empathy.

Once morality is for fools, virtue makes no sense. Once we believe we should grab what we can, even at the expense of those around us, we surrender to evil.

“Unlike the rest of us, he permanently exhibits the combination of motives we are told are the true forces driving human behavior,” Neiman writes of Trump:

“Nor does he appear to understand any other. Though he recognizes that other people, aka losers, have norms, he has no idea of how norms work, moving people to override self-interest in order to honor them. In acting on the international stage like Richard Dawkins’s ruthless genes, he has attracted millions of followers who tell us they admire his authenticity.

This doesn’t mean his followers are deplorable. They may not be evil at all, but in a world where implacable self-interest is usually camouflaged in soft colors, they find his candor refreshing. They have so often heard that people conceal the raw self-interest that really moves things, they’re relieved to watch a man who never hides it.”

The worst evil, Neiman argues,

“may be the denial of evil – as well as disdain for any goodness that might oppose it. When self-interest becomes the basis of reason, evil no longer needs to justify itself. It’s already been mistaken for rationality.”

This evil leads us down the familiar road to fascism. It was Mark Milley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during Trump’s first term, who warned us, calling Trump “fascist to the core.”

The media — too spineless to label Trump a fascist — prefers the word “authoritarian,’ which Neiman notes may be a more bearable word, but “will not make fascism more bearable.”

Authoritarianism, she notes:

“[I]s a word that can be useful for describing certain German professors, and the softer sort of Latin American military regime. But a country where masked men deport people to wastelands they’ve never seen? Combat troops occupy major cities and shoot peacefully protesting citizens? A government that coerces media, universities, and other countries to suit its will? A military that blows fishermen to bits with the meagerest of justifications, then begins the kind of wars the International Military Court at Nuremberg condemned?

As it wrote in 1946, ‘To initiate a war of aggression is not only an international crime, it is the supreme international crime, differing only from other war crimes in that it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole.’ It would be easy to go on, but counting crimes is pointless. Before these words are printed, the administration will have found countless new ways to flout the rule of law.”

We are in deep trouble.

The moral rot in our society preceded Trump. He is its logical conclusion. He is the apotheosis of a culture where greed, exploitation and self-interest, the core tenets of neoliberalism, are held up as the defining forces of human existence.

We must fight back while we can. But to do so requires that we recapture the language of good and evil. It requires us to make moral choices and to accept self-sacrifice. It requires us to name the bleakness before us, not turn our faces from the fascist monolith being cemented into place.

Denying these truths and refusing to defy evil will ensure our enslavement.

Speaking these truths and standing with the oppressed and the marginalized, even at the cost of our own financial and physical security, will set us free.

Chris Hedges is a Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist who was a foreign correspondent for 15 years for The New York Times, where he served as the Middle East bureau chief and Balkan bureau chief for the paper. He previously worked overseas for The Dallas Morning News, The Christian Science Monitor and NPR.  He is the host of show The Chris Hedges Report.

‘No Kings’ protests reflect a crisis of imperial plutocracy in the US

 By Michael Bradburn-Ruster

ARIZONA- The most obvious focus of the current “No Kings” protests lies in US citizens’ immediate “bread and butter issues”: brutal cuts to education, social security, and health care ($1 trillion in cuts to Medicaid and Childre’s Health Insurance); massive inflation that makes it hard to feed families, pay outrageous costs for health insurance, and endure the exorbitant price of fuel precipitated by the perfidious war on Iran, launched for a second time since June, 2025, in the midst of negotiations.

Beyond that initial layer is the severe reduction and even obliteration of programs that help the poor, and the savage attacks against immigrants, many of whom are either legal or already citizens; yet all of them—whether Latin American or Middle Eastern—cast as either “criminals, thugs, rapists” or “threats to national security”, and subjected to imprisonment and deportation.

A distinct goal of the current protests, however, as noted by Tehran Times , is the urgent emphasis on voting in the upcoming midterm elections, since the average voter turnout in midterm elections is only 48%, despite a rise to 52% in 2022. Midterm elections occur halfway through a presidential term, and determine the composition of both chambers of Congress, Representatives and Senators. This November’s election is particularly crucial, for if Trump loses his Republican majority in Congress, Democrats plan to launch investigations into his blatantly corrupt family businesses, the Epstein files, immigration enforcement, and corporate profiteering. And if Trump also loses control of the Senate, Democrats can block Trump’s nominees for Cabinet positions, paralyze his appointment of federal judges and nominees to the Supreme Court, give Democrats subpoena power that would enhance their power to investigate the administration, and might possibly lead to impeachment proceedings.

While Trump and his base—both the “uneducated” he claims to love and the oligarchs he pampers—fear such an outcome, the rest of the country dreads that the administration may steal the election, as he attempted to do in 2020, and which Trump continues to hallucinate having won.

For more astute protesters, deeper dimensions lie beyond their immediate private afflictions and political tactics: the current regime is the malignant harvest of a systemic sociopolitical disease, an incremental process that has achieved only its most virulent embodiment in Trump. Decades of lavish tax breaks for the ultra-rich have impoverished and depleted life for the ordinary citizen, accomplished by the long assault on Labor Unions and the obscene rise in Corporate Profits. The struggle is against a system devoted to perpetual war and militarism, the rise of a surveillance state behind a shabby façade of “democracy” whose flimsy mask conceals the true face of a merciless plutocracy.

The entire society has been commodified: humanity, personhood, culture, art, law, and indeed the Earth itself are subordinated to the calculation of profit for the oligarchs. As one corporate executive affirmed, “We have to save capitalism from democracy.” [Quoted in Nancy MacLean’s masterful Democracy in Chains (2017)]. But this catastrophe did not begin with Trump, whose flagrant vulgarity, malice, ignorance and blatant corruption have reduced every ideal to a “deal”, every principle to “profit”, every fact to “fake news.” Nonetheless, Trump has crossed a threshold, representing an apotheosis of the Neoliberal ideology that has reigned since Reagan and Thatcher. Not to be confused with “Liberal” social values, Neoliberalism is not merely an economic theory but a Worldview that envisions the absolute supremacy of the spurious “Free Market”: privatization of all public space, the erasure of any regulations and responsibilities that protect workers, the public and the environment. The social fabric is devastated: citizens are reduced to mere consumers; elections succumb to legal bribery; the indivual will is divinized, while community and compassion are mocked as “Communist.”

At its root, Neoliberalism is an assault on all transcendent values, which are reduced to mere transactions: the evisceration of the Goodness, Truth and Beauty that form the very basis and deep fraternity of authentic principles that might unite the threefold Abrahamic Traditions and bridge the distance between East and West. But for the plutocracy, nothing is sacred: all life is merely “collateral damage” in the cult of money and power. Meanwhile, a perverse, heretical “Christian fascism” mirrors the Zionist desecration of Judaism and mutilates our shared dialectical heritage into a weapon of conquest.

On leaving office in January, 1961 President Eisenhower warned against the Military Industrial Complex (MIC), which over the last six decades has metastasized into the Military-Industrial-Media-Academic Complex (MIMAC), whereby Corporate Media serves as flagrant propaganda, and corporatized University Administrations silence and expel voices dedicated to the practice of critical thinking, professors who bravely stand for global justice, peace and accountability, while war crimes and genocide are upheld with lies, prevarication and impunity.

Trump has waged an assault on the very foundations of American society: the Constitution, a crucial element of which is the “separation of powers” between the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary branches, designed to avert the rise of tyranny. While Trump has attacked judges appointed by former presidents of both parties, he has fantasized that Article II of the Constitution gives him the right to do “whatever I want.”

The Will to Power and Addiction to Avarice reign supreme. In 2018, Trump unilaterally abrogated Obama’s JCPOA—the accord (in conjunction with China, France, Germany, Russia, and the United Kingdom) limiting Iran’s nuclear development in exchange for sanctions relief—despite Iran’s compliance, as verified by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). That fateful decision resulted from pressure exerted by his billionaire donors, amid the long-established aims of the CIA in conjunction with Mossad.

What many Iranians as well as Americans grasp is that we are facing an administration of the most deeply cynical character, whose abysmal inhumanity was crystallized in the heartless retort of Matt Schlapp (chairman of the American Conservative Union), on a Piers Morgan broadcast in March: dismissing Peter Beinart’s compassionate lament that if the U.S. and Israel had not attacked Iran on February 28, the schoolgirls killed at the Shajareh Tayyibeh elementary school in Minab “would be alive”, Schlapp quipped: “They’d be alive in a burqa… in a barbaric, unequal society… with no ability to make career choices.” By Schlapp’s cavalier reckoning, the illegal, unprovoked war of aggression launched against Iran was blameless, the humanity of both the dead and living girls, their teachers and parents obliterated, along with the lives of the 73 boys whose massacre was omitted in nearly all US media reports.

Be it noted that Schlapp has faced multiple sexual harassment charges involving other men.

The bombing of Minab was no mere “accident”, given that Pete Hegseth, Trump’s Secretary of War (formerly “Defense”) openly implemented a doctrine of “More lethality and less accountability”, publicly spurning what he called “stupid rules of engagement.” Not mere bravado: he dissolved the policy to limit civilian casualties established by the Department of Defense, known as the Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response (CHMR, pronounced “Chimmer”), and fired the senior advisor at the Pentagon’s Civilian Protection Center of Excellence, Air Force combat veteran Wes J. Bryant. “We’re departing from the rules and norms that we’ve tried to establish as a global community since at least World War II,” Bryant said. “There’s zero accountability.”

As the eminent former Ambassador Chas Freeman has declared, “diplomacy… begins with empathy.” The tragic reality of US foreign policy, he laments, is quite the opposite: “We don’t do diplomacy anymore. [In] the ‘rules-based order,’ … we make the rules and decide who they apply to and who is exempt from them.”

Freeman’s grim insights are amply confirmed by Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s shameless scorn of “so-called International Law”, as the administration engages in attacking and dismantling every mechanism designed to promote and ensure human rights and global accountability, from the UN to the ICC, which Trump himself has called “an evil group of people”. For the US soars above the law, which it makes and breaks, supports or sabotages at will, in accordance with its capricious, often incoherent and myopic “interests” bereft of values, blind to principles, contemptuous of truth.

Like a lobotomized version of Netanyahu, Trump exemplifies what Marc Owen Jones has called alethocide: the killing of truth, in brash defiance of Hannah Arendt’s warning: “The ideal subject of totalitarian rule is not the convinced Nazi or the convinced Communist, but people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction (i.e., the reality of experience) and the distinction between the true and the false (i.e., the standards of thought) no longer exist.” [The Origins of Totalitarianism. Part 3, Ch. 13, §3., p. 474. (1979 ed.)].

Yet lest we be comforted by the hope that a Democratic majority would make the needful turn to empathy and diplomacy, we have only to regard the dismal Biden policy toward Palestine to sober such wishes, from its refusal to condemn the brutal evictions of Palestinian families in East Jerusalem (2021), to its audacious denials of Israeli apartheid—documented and declared from 2020-2022 not only by the UN, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, but by Israeli human rights organizations B’Tselem and Yesh Din—to its brazen lies and duplicity in the face of war crimes and genocide, as Biden’s minions violated US domestic law by providing Israel a flood of weapons, and “willfully enabled atrocities” in Gaza, as meticulously detailed in the recent book Crossing the Red Line by Akbar Shahid Ahmed.

As demonstrated since the Clinton presidency, the key difference between the two US parties rests in rhetoric and comportment, not in substance: while Trump spews vulgarity, racism, misogyny, megalomania and toxic fables; threatens Iran that “a whole civilization will die tonight, never to be brought back again”; declares Climate Change a “hoax” and sneers at the global scientific consensus regarding the ecocide we continue to commit—Democrats deplore his barbarity and ignorance, while urbanely praising human rights but ignoring their implementation, raise insipid procedural objections against the war, and prudently pose and gesture toward crucial shifts to renewable energy—yet only two candidates even mention “climate” on their current campaign websites.

After Gaza, the Democrats’ notoriety as “the lesser of two evils” is more woefully suspect than ever. Both parties serve the corporate and financial elite, even as they seduce and betray their constituents, far too many of whom remain complacent in the face of the fascist tide, distracted by celebrity worship, sports events, casinos, and barbecues, while vainly imagining themselves immune to the lure of “bread and circuses” and the lust for dominion and military might that leads to the suicide of empires. Trump is merely, as Chris Hedges avows, “the naked, stripped-down expression of this suicidal pact.”

The thirst for hope must not erase our nation’s long history of depredation, too rarely taught in our schools: throughout the twentieth century US support for Latin American dictators reached its peak during the Reagan administration, but the Empire emerged long before: the Mexican-American War (1846-8) was provoked by the US in order to justify stealing the territories and riches of California and Texas; Hawaii was overthrown in 1893; and the Spanish-American War of 1898—purportedly to “liberate Cuba from the domination of Spain (the erstwhile analogue of our era’s ennemis du jour, whether “Communist” or “Islamist”), but in truth to ensure US domination of the Caribbean sugar market—extended to the Philippine War (1899-1902) to annex and subjugate the archipelago under the guise of independence, freedom, and “Christian” values.

The dynamic satirized in Mark Twain’s scathing essay of 1901, “To the Person Sitting in Darkness” exposed the seething Imperialism and avarice beneath the dazzling veil of rhetorical hypocrisy in its lethal quest to “enlighten” the “savage”, “heathen”, “uncivilized” peoples and lands whose sovereignty and dignity were despoiled in our grotesque triumph.

A modicum of change will doubtless come with time, but the imperative transformation of consciousness may well arrive only with the bitter gift of regret: the inevitable collapse of our hegemonic Heart of Darkness.

Trump and Netanyahu Want to “Finish the Job” on Iran

How many more innocent people will die?

If one were seeking to create something like a modern-day folk tale based on current realities and having the theme of “good versus evil” there are any number of real-life narratives available that could be exploited to invite speculation on actual environments that might have served as models for the fiction. I have found much of the bizarre and blood-soaked evil relationship between the United States and Israel, which serves no US interest at all, to be one such arrangement in which two countries have through their own behavior become the most hated in the world. They have successfully established an odd partnership based largely on a common view of which other nations they hate and would like to destroy.

One must consider the monstrous joined-at-the-hip relationship between Washington and Tel Aviv, which is likely soon to become a true military and policy partnership by act of Congress. It will leverage the already existing ability of tiny Israel to manipulate and dominate the large and powerful United States. And there is also something else that should be reckoned with in the arrangement, and that is melding of the desire of the two countries to dominate not only their neighbors but also far beyond that. One can cite the aberrations in behavior that reveal how neither government wants to get along with other nations except in those rare cases where America and the Jewish state are accepted and even honored in spite of not being bound by any rules, decency or even democratic norms.

A prime example of how the completely murderous pathology that guides both President Donald Trump and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu that has come to dominate the relationship surfaced last week when Trump endorsed Netanyahu in the upcoming Israeli election. It was a case of two completely evil men finding common ground to congratulate themselves and advance their respective careers, which nearly all of the rest of the world would like to terminate!

Both men are in trouble with their respective electorates in large part because their obsession with endlessly killing anyone annoying be it in the Caribbean or Gaza, has become suspect, largely because the killing is without any actual objective and no real good comes out of the process. This is particularly true for voters in the US who have suffered the bullying by Israel and its domestic Lobby and also bear the tax burden and shortages that are the only fruit that falls from the trees of the conflicts. In Israel the equation is somewhat different as 90% of the Jewish voters want to eradicate even more Muslims and Christians and fully support a new Prime Minister who will kill even more of the vermin.

Observe what a brain dead Trump has to say about his good buddy Netanyahu in a shared phone call in which they first exchanged pledges that they would soon “finish the job,” the “job” in question being the “extermination” of Iran and most particularly its government. Bibi told Trump “Donald, we have a job to finish. You said it, and we’ll finish it together. We’ll finish it, and no one else will do it.” Bibi explained later how “I have spoken about this with President Trump more than once, including the day before yesterday… Finishing the job means bringing down the terrorist regime in Iran. It is the head of this poisonous octopus. You cut it off, and it will fall. We will also have peace with Lebanon. We must complete the elimination of the Iranian regime — that is the primary objective.”

Trump then responded in kind, telling Netanyahu that “You’re a warrior, and you’ve been treated unfairly by your country and from some others … but you’re a great warrior, and we will prove that. We will prove that very soon. I think you’re terrific, Bibi … You’re the man I want by my side, Bibi.” On Truth Social Trump later elaborated how “Bibi Netanyahu has been a Great Warrior Prime Minister and an even greater Partner for Peace in combatting the Islamic Republic of Iran.” He is “Strong, Brave, and Brilliant, the kind of Partner that the United States of America is demanding of Israel, a Country for which it has done so much.”

Clearly Netanyahu wants to get reelected to stay out of jail for corruption, apart from anything else, and he knows that unconditional support from the United States is essential to achieve that end and keep the wars in Lebanon, Syria and Iran going. What the two monsters were pledging was the total destruction of a nation of 90 million people that prior to the war initiated by Israel and the US had not threatened in any way either nation. That means it was per the Geneva Convention a war crime and besides which it is a violation of the War Powers Act and the US Constitution that Trump had sworn to support. Israel was admittedly the driving force behind the war against Iran, which has done huge damage to the world economy, because it saw the country as a political-military competitor in the Middle East region and Netanyahu was able to convince a stupid and willfully ignorant Trump that the war would be over in a week or two, a walk-over.

In a move that is being interpreted as an additional American support for Netanyahu in the upcoming election, US Secretary of War Pete Hegseth made an unannounced visit to Israel on Monday and met with the Prime Minister. The talks reportedly took place at the Ovda Air Base in southern Israel, where US refueling planes and fighter jets are deployed. Hegseth also met with some US troops. As Netanyahu and President Trump have discussed the possibility of restarting the full-scale bombing campaign against Iran the appearance and timing of the Hegseth visit, as he is the strongest supporter of resuming strikes on Iran within the administration, suggests that the war will soon be resuming.

Beyond the depressing likelihood that the war against Iran will soon start up again, there is the language employed by Trump, which as usual is inane. So Bibi is a “great warrior”? That comes from a draft dodger who avoided US military service in 1968 not for any moral reason but because it was inconvenient for him so his father arranged for a Jewish doctor to fake the records for a medical deferment. Trump had “bone spurs,” a condition largely unheard of in the real world before Trump came up with it on paper. And now the draft dodger is praising a “great warrior” who sends his men and women out to shoot three year olds as part of a regime that has been killing children systematically and without any consequences since the conflict with Gaza began.

And, unfortunately, the bad news is still coming. There is no doubt Trump has been the most servile president in US history when it comes to his constant supporting Israel even when it carries out genocide and kills American citizens. Trump has never failed to obey Netanyahu, but, it must be observed, he has only done slightly more so than Biden and the Democrats did when they preceded him in office. So one should have doubts that a possible change-over in the US Congress and Senate, where Israeli flags can be seen flying in some of the offices, is going to make much difference when it comes to the United States “standing with our best friend and closest ally Israel.”

Philip M. Giraldi, Ph.D., is Executive Director of the Council for the National Interest, a 501(c)3 tax deductible educational foundation (Federal ID Number #52-1739023) that seeks a more interests-based U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East. Website is https://councilforthenationalinterest.org address is P.O. Box 2157, Purcellville VA 20134 and its email is inform@cnionline.org.

Iranian Negotiator Insists US Keep the Deal

The Iranian Parliament speaker essentially asked the U.S. to fulfill its obligations under the agreement the two nations signed back in June, Dave DeCamp reports.

Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf in Iran’s Majlis, or parliament, 2023. (Hamed Malekpour/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 4.0)

By Dave DeCamp
Antiwar.com

Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammed Bagher Ghalibaf said in a televised speech on Wednesday that the U.S. must be “punished” in order for it to accept Iran’s demands to end the war.

Ghalibaf made the comments in the context of the latest response Iran received from the U.S. in indirect negotiations, which Mohsen Rezaei, head of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, has called “inadequate” because Washington didn’t agree to all of Tehran’s conditions.

“The United States must be punished, change its behavior, and be made to understand unequivocally that it must accept the legitimate demands of the Iranian nation,” Ghalibaf said, according to Iran’s PressTV.

Iran is essentially asking the U.S. to fulfill its obligations under the Memorandum of Understanding that the two nations signed back in June, which would require the U.S. to end its blockade of Iran, provide some sanctions relief, release frozen Iranian funds and ensure an end to Israel’s war in Lebanon. 

Ghalibaf, who was deeply involved in the MoU negotiations, said he ensured the MoU included two parts because he didn’t trust the U.S..

U.S. President Donald Trump signing a memorandum of understanding with Iran at the Palace of Versailles, France, on June 17. French President Emmanuel Macron on right, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio on left, standing. (White House / Daniel Torok)

The parliament speaker also said that Iran must be prepared for both negotiations and fighting with the aim of establishing deterrence to prevent future attacks. “On the battlefield, before God, we must believe that we should fight courageously against our coercive enemy, while also engaging in negotiations to establish lasting deterrence,” he said.

He invoked the Iran-Iraq War, which lasted from 1980 to 1988, suggesting Tehran is preparing for the possibility of a very prolonged conflict with the U.S. 

During the Iran-Iraq War, the U.S. backed Saddam Hussein by providing intelligence and other types of support while being aware that he was using chemical weapons against Iran.

Ghalibaf fought for Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) throughout the war and rose through the ranks to become a senior combat commander. In his remarks on Wednesday, Ghalibaf pointed to the conflict as an example of Iran establishing deterrence.

“In the eight years of sacred defense, we fought against Saddam’s Baathist regime. Of course, we paid a price, we suffered hardships, but in the end, for several decades, no one dared or had the desire to attack our beloved country, Iran,” he said.

Dave DeCamp is the news editor of Antiwar.com, follow him on Twitter @decampdave.